Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD): First Aid for Infants
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Hand foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection that mainly affects children under five years of age, and infants can find it particularly uncomfortable. The blisters and rash that appear on their tiny hands and feet, combined with painful mouth sores, can leave babies irritable and refusing to feed. As a parent or carer, you can help your little one recover at home with simple first aid measures and plenty of comfort.
What is Hand Foot and Mouth Disease?
Hand foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection caused by a group of viruses called enteroviruses. The coxsackie virus, and Enterovirus 71 strains are the most common causes. In most cases it is a mild illness that only causes discomfort that typically resolves on its own within 7 to 10 days. Most children with HFMD recover completely at home without any lasting effects.
The virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s saliva, whether through coughing, sneezing or sharing utensils. The fluid from the blisters is also highly contagious. Parents and carers should know that the virus passes through feces as well, which is why good hygiene after changing nappies and using the toilet is essential.
Signs and Symptoms of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
The signs and symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease develop in stages. Symptoms usually appear 3 to 6 days after your baby has been exposed to the virus.
Early Signs
Your infant may first develop a fever, usually mild but sometimes reaching 38°C or higher. They might seem more irritable than usual and show a reduced appetite. General fussiness and tiredness are common in the first day or two before any visible rash appears.
Mouth Sores and Ulcers
Painful mouth ulcers usually develop next. The mouth and throat become tender, making swallowing painful. Your baby may drool more than usual and refuse feeds because of the discomfort in their mouth or throat.
The Rash
This rash causes a pattern of spots or blisters on the hands and feet. The blisters on the hands typically appear on the palm, fingers, feet, soles, and toes, but it can spread to other areas.
Most symptoms clear within about 10 days. The rash on the hands and feet may take a little longer to fade completely. Some children may experience mild skin peeling on their fingers and toes as they heal, which is normal and harmless.
First Aid Treatment for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
Since HFMD is caused by a virus, antibiotics will not help. There is no specific treatment for hand foot and mouth disease, but good first aid care at home can help relieve symptoms and keep your infant comfortable.
To manage fever and general discomfort, you can give appropriate infant pain relief. Paracetamol (such as Panadol) is suitable for infants from one month of age. Ibuprofen (such as Nurofen) can be used for babies over three months. Always follow the dosing instructions on the packaging based on your baby’s age and weight. Never give aspirin to children.
To prevent dehydration, offer small, frequent feeds. Breastfed babies should continue breastfeeding as often as they will accept. For bottle fed infants, offer smaller amounts more frequently. Cool fluids are often better tolerated than warm ones. If your baby is on solids, try cool, soft foods like yoghurt or pureed fruit. Avoid acidic foods and drinks like citrus or tomato, as these may cause pain.
The blisters on your baby’s hands and feet need gentle care. Keep the areas clean by washing with soap and water during normal bath time. Pat the skin dry gently. Do not pop or pick at the blisters, as this can lead to secondary infection and also spreads the virus. The fluid in the blisters is contagious, so wash your hands thoroughly after any contact.
A sick baby needs extra cuddles and comfort. Hold your infant as much as they want and keep them calm. Dress them in loose, comfortable clothing. Gentle rocking, soft music or quiet play may help your baby feel better. Rest is important for recovery, so allow plenty of sleep time.
Help Kids with HFMD
Hand foot and mouth disease can be worrying for parents, but this common childhood illness usually resolves on its own with simple care at home. For parents and carers wanting to learn more about caring for sick children, a childcare first aid course covers infant and child health emergencies.
FAQs
Are There Complications of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease?
Complications of hand foot and mouth disease are rare, but in very rare cases, certain strains of enterovirus can cause inflammation of the brain. Some children may lose a fingernail or toenail several weeks after infection, but these grow back normally.
How is Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnosed?
Doctors can usually diagnose HFMD by examining the characteristic rash and mouth sores without any special tests. In some cases, a throat swab or stool sample may be collected and sent to a laboratory to confirm the specific virus causing the infection.
Can Adults Get Hand Foot and Mouth Disease?
Yes, hand foot and mouth disease can also affect older children and adults, though it is less common because most people develop immunity after childhood exposure.
